Spring configuration and 3D preview tool
Use Filame's tool to design and calculate custom compression, extension, and torsion springs according to DIN EN 13906 with real-time 3D preview, and easily share your exact specifications with us for a quote.
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| Spring Type / Shape: | Compression / Cylindrical |
| Material Grade: | 1.4310 AISI 302 (EN 10270-3) |
| Surface Treatment: | None (Raw) |
| End Configuration: | Closed & Ground |
| Wire Diameter (d): | 2.00 mm |
| Outer / Inner Dia (De / Di): | Ø20.00 / Ø16.00 mm |
| Free Length (L0): | 50.00 mm |
| Active / Total Coils (n / nt): | 7.5 act / 9.5 tot |
| Spring Index (C) | 9.00 (Standard) |
| Slenderness (L0/D) | 2.78 (Stable) |
| Stage | Height (L) | Deflection (s) | Force (F) | Stress (τ) | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unloaded (L0) | 50.0 mm | 0.0 mm | 0.0 N | 0 MPa | Free |
| Stage 1 (L1) | 40.0 mm | 10.0 mm | 28.4 N | 324 MPa | Safe |
| Stage 2 (L2) | 30.0 mm | 20.0 mm | 56.8 N | 648 MPa | Safe |
| Solid Length (Ls) | 19.0 mm | 31.0 mm | 88.0 N | 1004 MPa | Solid Stack |
| Lower Stress τk1: | 0 MPa |
| Upper Stress τk2: | 0 MPa |
| Dynamic Range τkh: | 0 MPa |
| Static Limit τz: | 0 MPa |
| Cycle Durability: | ≥ 10⁷ Cycles |
Generating Parametric 3D Mesh...
Calculated Engineering Model
Preliminary calculations based on DIN EN 13906-1/2/3 for concept sizing. For illustration purposes only. Final tolerances, setting, and fatigue limits will be validated with Filame engineering.
Understanding Technical Spring Calculations (DIN EN 13906)
Designing industrial springs requires balancing mechanical envelopes, fatigue limits, dynamic frequencies, and material performance under load. The European standard DIN EN 13906 defines the harmonized mathematical framework for sizing cylindrical helical springs across three primary functional categories:
Helical Compression Springs (DIN EN 13906-1)
DIN EN 13906-1Compression springs absorb axial load by compressing coils closer together. Under compressive load, the spring wire experiences pure torsional shear stress.
R = (G · d⁴) / (8 · D³ · n) [N/mm]
Linear rate expressing force generated per mm of deflection.
τ = k · (8 · F · D) / (π · d³) [MPa]
Includes the Wahl factor (k) correcting for wire curvature.
Solid Length (Ls): For closed and ground ends, $L_s \approx n_t \cdot d$. Maximum usable stroke before solid contact is $s_n = L_0 - L_s$.
Buckling Criterion ($L_0/D$): If the slenderness ratio exceeds $4.0$, guide rods or external guide sleeves are mandatory to prevent lateral buckling under load.
Helical Extension Springs (DIN EN 13906-2)
DIN EN 13906-2Extension springs are close-coiled with initial pre-tension ($F_0$). The spring resists axial pulling forces via end machine loops (German loops, English loops, or extended hooks).
F = F₀ + R · s [N]
Requires initial threshold force (F₀) before coils separate.
σ_hook = (16 · F · D) / (π · d³) · k_b [MPa]
End hook transitions endure combined bending & tensile load.
Helical Torsion Springs (DIN EN 13906-3)
DIN EN 13906-3Torsion springs exert rotational torque around their central axis. The wire is loaded in bending rather than shear; calculations therefore utilize Young’s Modulus ($E$).
R_α = (E · d⁴) / (3667 · D · n) [N·mm/°]
Torque produced per degree of angular leg deflection.
σ = k_b · (32 · M) / (π · d³) [MPa]
Bending stress at torque M = R_α · α.
Selecting the right alloy depends on operating temperature, corrosive media, magnetic constraints, and electrical conductivity requirements:
| Material Grade | Standard | Modulus G / E (MPa) | Max Temp | Key Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon Steel (Music Wire) | EN 10270-1 SH/DH | 81,500 / 206,000 | 100°C | Highest tensile strength; standard industrial choice. |
| Valve Alloy 54SiCr6 | EN 10270-2 | 78,500 / 206,000 | 140°C | Oil-tempered for high dynamic fatigue & valve cycles. |
| Stainless 1.4310 (AISI 302) | EN 10270-3 | 68,500 / 180,000 | 150°C | Standard corrosion-resistant spring stainless steel. |
| Marine Stainless 1.4401 (316) | EN 10270-3 | 68,000 / 180,000 | 150°C | Molybdenum-alloyed for chloride & acid resistance. |
| 17-7 PH (1.4568) | EN 10270-3 | 73,000 / 195,000 | 300°C | Precipitation hardened for aerospace & high heat. |
| Phosphor Bronze CuSn6 | CW452K | 42,000 / 115,000 | 80°C | Non-magnetic; high electrical conductivity. |
| Beryllium Copper CuBe2 | CW101C | 47,000 / 130,000 | 120°C | High electrical conductivity + high mechanical yield. |
| Inconel X-750 / 718 | 2.4669 / 2.4668 | 75,800 / 214,000 | 550°C | Extreme temperature & corrosive chemical resistance. |